learly, our exploration into the fundamental mechanisms of cancer must continue -- for every step in the cancer development process is a potential target for new therapies. Basic research has already paid off in many ways, showing us that specific classes of genes are involved in cancer development, that environmental factors can trigger genetic mutations, and that cancer cells spin out of control and proliferate unchecked. Within the next few years NIDCR studies on cell signaling, cell cycle regulation, tumor angiogenesis, and a myriad of other topics might further elucidate how cancer develops and spreads, information that is paramount to learning how to stop the disease.

We must also continue to educate -- spreading the word that many cases of oral cancer can be avoided by changing certain behaviors. Quitting tobacco use, stopping excessive drinking, and eating a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables are all things people can do now to reduce their risk of developing the disease. Clinicians, too, can help save lives by performing the simple head and neck examination, and by talking to patients about cancer's early warning signs.

Oral cancer is a disease whose survival rate has not improved appreciably in decades, a disease that has a high rate of second primary tumors, and a disease that leaves its mark on survivors in the form of facial disfigurement. Through basic, translational, clinical, and community-based research, and through public and professional education, NIDCR is continuing its fight against oral cancer, working to ensure that no one need ever suffer from this devastating disease.

Any reference to a commercial company does not imply, nor should it be viewed as an endorsement of the company, or any of its products or services by NIH or NIDCR.